NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?

1. Abraham Maslow

2. Howard Gardner

3. Noam Chomsky

4. Lev Vygotsky

The correct answer is: Howard Gardner

The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner, an American developmental psychologist. In his 1983 book "Frames of Mind," Gardner suggested that intelligence is not a single, fixed trait, but rather consists of a variety of cognitive abilities that individuals can possess in differing degrees. He identified several distinct types of intelligences, such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic, challenging the traditional view that intelligence is primarily measured by IQ tests. This theory has significant implications for education, suggesting that teaching methods should be adapted to accommodate different learning styles and strengths among students. Gardner's work has influenced educational practices by promoting a more holistic approach to understanding and nurturing students' varied capacities. The other individuals listed are known for their contributions in different fields. Abraham Maslow is well-known for his hierarchy of needs theory in psychology, focusing on human motivation. Noam Chomsky is a prominent linguist who made foundational contributions to theories of language acquisition. Lev Vygotsky was a developmental psychologist known for his social development theory and concepts like the Zone of Proximal Development. Each of these figures addressed different aspects of psychology and education, but it was Howard