NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Who is the linguist associated with the formulation of the Universal Grammar theory?

1. Stephen Krashen

2. Noam Chomsky

3. Jean Piaget

4. B.F. Skinner

The correct answer is: Noam Chomsky

Noam Chomsky is recognized as the linguist who developed the theory of Universal Grammar, which posits that the ability to acquire language is innate to humans and that all languages share a common structural basis. This theory revolutionized the field of linguistics by suggesting that the capacity for language is hardwired into the human brain, making it possible for individuals to learn complex languages despite limited exposure during early development. Universal Grammar asserts that there exist fundamental principles that underlie the syntax of all languages, enabling learners to acquire their native language rapidly and effectively. Chomsky's work highlighted the importance of the internal cognitive processes involved in language acquisition and laid the groundwork for further research in psycholinguistics and cognitive science. In contrast, Stephen Krashen is known for his theories on second language acquisition, particularly the Input Hypothesis, which emphasizes the role of comprehensible input. Jean Piaget is a developmental psychologist whose theories focus on cognitive development in children, while B.F. Skinner, a behaviorist, proposed language learning theories based on stimulus-response patterns and reinforcement. Therefore, Chomsky's contributions specifically pertain to the innate aspects of language learning and comprehension, distinctly marking his place as the key figure behind Universal Grammar.