NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Who developed the theory of psychosocial development focusing on individual and societal needs?

1. Jean Piaget

2. Erik Erikson

3. Sigmund Freud

4. Lev Vygotsky

The correct answer is: Erik Erikson

The correct answer is that Erik Erikson developed the theory of psychosocial development, which emphasizes the interplay between individual growth and societal influences. Erikson's theory is distinguished by its focus on eight stages of human development, each characterized by a specific conflict or challenge that individuals must navigate throughout their lives. Success in overcoming these challenges leads to healthy psychological development and contributes to the formation of a strong identity. Erikson's work is significant because it integrates personal and social needs, suggesting that personal development cannot be understood in isolation from the social context and relationships in which individuals are embedded. His theory highlighted the importance of social interactions and cultural influences in shaping one's personality and identity over time. In contrast, the other theorists mentioned focus on different aspects of development. Jean Piaget's contributions lie in cognitive development and how children understand and interact with the world intellectually. Sigmund Freud's theories are primarily centered around psychosexual development and unconscious motivations. Lev Vygotsky, while also concerned with social aspects of development, focused on cognitive development and the role of social interaction in learning, particularly through his sociocultural theory.