NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Which theory suggests that learning can be created through repeated exposure to stimuli?

1. Cognitive theory

2. Constructivist theory

3. Behaviorist theory

4. Humanistic theory

The correct answer is: Behaviorist theory

The theory that supports the idea of learning through repeated exposure to stimuli is behaviorist theory. This perspective is based on the principles of conditioning, particularly the work of psychologists like B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov, who emphasized how behaviors can be shaped by reinforcement and punishment. Repeated exposure to stimuli, whether through positive reinforcement or negative consequences, helps form associations and influence learning outcomes. Behaviorist theory focuses on observable behaviors rather than internal mental processes, suggesting that learning occurs as a response to environmental stimuli. In a classroom setting, for example, a student might learn a new concept through repeated drills and practice, as the consistent exposure to the material reinforces the learning process. This aligns well with the behaviorist view that repetition is essential for forming habits and skills, making it effective in educational contexts. In contrast, cognitive theory emphasizes mental processes involved in learning, such as memory and problem-solving, while constructivist theory focuses on knowledge construction through experience and interaction. Humanistic theory prioritizes personal growth and self-actualization, looking at individual learner needs and emotions. These other theories do not center on the role of repeated stimuli in the same pivotal way that behaviorist theory does.