NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Which theory emphasizes that there is no fundamental difference in the acquisition of first and subsequent languages?

1. Behaviorism

2. Monitor model

3. Constructivism

4. Humanistic theory

The correct answer is: Monitor model

The chosen answer highlights the Monitor Model, which posits that the processes involved in acquiring one's first language are fundamentally similar to those used in learning additional languages. This theory, developed by Stephen Krashen, suggests that language learners draw on the same innate linguistic capabilities regardless of the sequence in which languages are learned. The model emphasizes the role of exposure and interaction in language learning rather than just formal education or explicit instruction. The Monitor Model also introduces concepts such as the "input hypothesis," which maintains that understanding language input that is slightly beyond the learner’s current abilities aids in language acquisition. This underscores the idea that once a foundational linguistic competence is established, additional languages can be acquired through similar mechanisms, reflecting a unified approach to language acquisition rather than treating first and subsequent languages as entirely different processes. The other theories in the options, while significant in understanding language learning, focus on differing aspects or methodologies. Behaviorism concentrates on stimulus-response patterns and reinforcement; Constructivism is centered on the learner's active role in knowledge creation; and Humanistic theory emphasizes emotional factors and motivation. These perspectives do not support the idea that first and subsequent languages are acquired through the same fundamental process, which is why the Monitor Model is the most fitting choice in this context.