NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Which term describes the belief that language fully dictates culture and human thought?

1. Linguistic Determinism

2. Linguistic Relativism

3. Language Influence Theory

4. Thought and Language Correlation

The correct answer is: Linguistic Determinism

The belief that language fully dictates culture and human thought is best captured by the term "Linguistic Determinism." This concept posits that the structure and vocabulary of a language influence how its speakers perceive and think about the world, suggesting that language limits cognitive capabilities and shapes one's cultural identity and consciousness. Advocates of this theory argue that individuals can only think in ways that their language allows, meaning that different languages would lead to different worldviews. Linguistic Relativism, while related, suggests a less rigid connection between language and thought, arguing instead that language influences but does not determine cognition. Language Influence Theory is a more general idea that acknowledges the role of language in shaping thought without asserting that it dictates it entirely. Thought and Language Correlation focuses on the relationship between thinking processes and language use but does not imply a strict rule of language dictation over thought. Thus, "Linguistic Determinism" distinctly embodies the belief that language restricts and defines our thought processes and cultural perspectives.