NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Which term defines the smallest unit of meaning in language?

1. Phonetics

2. Morphemes

3. Syntax

4. Intonation

The correct answer is: Morphemes

The term that defines the smallest unit of meaning in language is morphemes. Morphemes can be whole words or parts of words, such as prefixes or suffixes, that contribute meaning. For example, the word "unhappiness" contains three morphemes: "un-" (a prefix meaning "not"), "happy" (a base word), and "-ness" (a suffix indicating a state or condition). Understanding morphemes is crucial for language learners as it helps them decode meanings, expand their vocabulary, and enhance their overall comprehension of the language. Phonetics refers to the sounds of speech, focusing on how sounds are produced and perceived, rather than their meaning. Syntax involves the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences, which pertains to grammar rather than individual units of meaning. Intonation relates to the rise and fall of voice pitch in speech, which can convey emotions or questions but does not encompass the smallest units of meaning. Thus, morphemes are central to understanding meaning in language, making them the correct answer for this question.