NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Which learning strategy involves a mental filter that impacts language accuracy and fluency?

1. Comprehensible Input

2. Passive Voice

3. Krashen's Monitor Hypothesis

4. BICS

The correct answer is: Krashen's Monitor Hypothesis

The concept of language acquisition described by Krashen's Monitor Hypothesis is fundamental to understanding how learners process and produce language. This hypothesis posits that there are two key systems in language learning: the acquired system and the learned system. The acquired system refers to language learned naturally through meaningful communication, while the learned system involves formal instruction and rules of language. In this context, the "mental filter" aspect of the Monitor Hypothesis relates to the idea that learners use their conscious knowledge of grammar and rules to monitor and edit their spoken or written output. This means that if a learner is overly concerned with correctness or is unsure about their command of grammar rules, they may restrict their language use, ultimately affecting their fluency. Conversely, a more relaxed approach can enhance fluency but might lead to less accuracy. This strategy highlights the balance learners must strike between using their innate language acquisition abilities and their learned knowledge to communicate effectively. Understanding this dynamic can help educators support students in overcoming anxiety related to language accuracy, facilitating greater fluency as they become more comfortable using the language in real-world contexts.