NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Which framework encourages the idea that learners build knowledge through personal experiences?

1. Behaviorism

2. Constructivism

3. Cognitivism

4. Connectivism

The correct answer is: Constructivism

The correct choice is rooted in the idea that learners actively construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world through experiences. Constructivism emphasizes that learning is not a passive process; rather, it is shaped by the interactions learners have with their environments and the reflection on those experiences. This approach asserts that knowledge is built through social interaction, problem-solving, and the integration of new information with existing cognitive structures. In a constructivist framework, educators provide opportunities for learners to engage with materials and challenges that allow them to explore concepts deeply. This hands-on, inquiry-based approach fosters critical thinking and helps learners to make connections between prior knowledge and new content. This understanding contrasts with other educational theories like behaviorism, which focuses primarily on observable behaviors and external stimuli as the basis for learning. Cognitivism, while recognizing internal mental processes, does not place as much emphasis on the personal and experiential aspects of knowledge construction. Connectivism, on the other hand, is centered on the role of social networks and technology in learning, which, while relevant to modern contexts, does not specifically prioritize individual experience in the same way that constructivism does.