NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

What type of phrase can act as a noun, adjective, or adverb?

1. Gerund phrase

2. Infinitive phrase

3. Participial phrase

4. Prepositional phrase

The correct answer is: Infinitive phrase

The correct response is rooted in the versatility of the infinitive phrase. An infinitive phrase begins with the word "to" followed by a verb (e.g., "to run," "to eat"). This type of phrase can function in various roles within a sentence, including as a noun, adjective, or adverb. When functioning as a noun, an infinitive phrase can serve as the subject or object of a sentence. For instance, in the sentence "To read is enjoyable," the infinitive phrase “to read” acts as the subject. It can also be an object, as seen in "She wants to learn," where “to learn” is the direct object of the verb “wants.” As an adjective, an infinitive phrase can modify a noun, providing additional information. In the sentence "He has a lot of homework to complete," the phrase “to complete” describes the noun “homework.” When acting as an adverb, an infinitive phrase can modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb, indicating purpose or intent. For example, in "She studies hard to succeed," the phrase “to succeed” explains the intent behind her studying. The other types of phrases mentioned do not possess the same range