NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

What two factors can interfere with the morpheme acquisition order in language learning?

1. Cognitive and first language interference

2. Cultural and social interference

3. Emotional and motivational factors

4. Environmental and contextual factors

The correct answer is: Cognitive and first language interference

The correct answer highlights that cognitive and first language interference are significant factors that can disrupt the natural order in which learners acquire morphemes. Cognitive factors encompass the mental processes involved in learning language, such as memory, attention, and processing speed. A learner's cognitive abilities can influence how efficiently they pick up morphemes, especially when these abilities vary among individuals. For instance, if a learner has limitations in working memory, it may hinder their capacity to understand and apply morphemes correctly. First language interference refers to the impact that a learner's native language can have on acquiring morphemes in a new language. For example, if certain morphemes do not exist or function differently in the learner's first language, this may lead to difficulties or errors in their use within the target language. Learners may carry over grammatical structures or morpheme usage from their first language, which can obstruct the proper acquisition of morphemes in the new language. Recognizing and addressing these factors is critical for educators and trainers working with language learners, as it allows for tailored instruction that focuses on overcoming specific interference challenges.