NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

What stage of language acquisition involves limited speaking, often marked by listening and responding to visual cues?

1. Emergent stage

2. Preproduction

3. Fluent stage

4. Advanced production

The correct answer is: Preproduction

The stage of language acquisition marked by limited speaking and characterized by active listening and responding to visual cues is known as the preproduction stage. During this phase, learners, often referred to as "silent period" learners, are primarily focused on absorbing the language rather than producing it. They may understand a significant amount of what they hear but typically do not speak much, if at all. This stage is crucial for language development, as it allows learners to build a foundation of vocabulary and comprehension through contextual clues, gestures, and visual aids, which support their eventual progression into more active use of the language. In contrast, other stages such as the emergent stage involve initial attempts at speaking and using language, the fluent stage denotes a level of proficiency where learners can communicate effectively and fluidly, and advanced production represents a stage where learners can articulate complex ideas and demonstrate a high level of language command. These distinctions highlight the unique characteristics of the preproduction stage, particularly the emphasis on receptive skills over productive skills.