NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

What is the relationship between the phonologies of L1 and L2 in literacy development?

1. The closer the phonologies, the less literacy development in L2

2. The closer the phonologies, the greater the literacy development in L2

3. There is no relationship

4. Phonologies do not affect language learning

The correct answer is: The closer the phonologies, the greater the literacy development in L2

The relationship between the phonologies of L1 (the first language) and L2 (the second language) plays a significant role in literacy development. When the phonologies of a learner's first language and second language are similar, it can facilitate the decoding and pronunciation of words in the second language. This familiarity allows learners to apply phonological awareness skills from their first language to the second language, which can enhance their fluency and comprehension. For instance, if a learner's native language has similar sounds and sound patterns to the language they are acquiring, they may find it easier to recognize, produce, and manipulate these sounds. This phonetic similarity can lead to improved literacy outcomes, as learners can transfer their existing linguistic skills effectively. As a result, the more aligned the phonologies are, the better the literacy development in L2 tends to be. In contrast, significant differences in phonology may pose challenges, making it harder for learners to read and pronounce words correctly, which can hinder their literacy development. Therefore, the integrated understanding of how phonologies interact is crucial in supporting effective bilingual education and literacy programs.