NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

What is the primary issue when "interference" occurs in language acquisition?

1. Ignoring grammatical rules

2. First language habits affecting second language learning

3. Incorrectly using idiomatic expressions

4. Failing to memorize vocabulary chunks

The correct answer is: First language habits affecting second language learning

The primary issue with "interference" in language acquisition stems from first language habits inconsistently influencing the learning of a second language. When a learner's native language patterns—such as phonetics, syntax, semantics, or vocabulary—transfere into the new language, it can lead to errors in communication and understanding. This phenomenon often occurs unconsciously, as learners apply familiar patterns from their first language to the second language they are acquiring. For instance, a speaker may employ sentence structures from their original language that do not align with the grammatical norms of the new language, impeding their ability to communicate effectively. In contrast, other options touch on aspects of language learning that may lead to challenges but do not encapsulate the core of "interference." Ignoring grammatical rules can occur for various reasons but is not inherently about the influence of a native language. Incorrectly using idiomatic expressions relates more to familiarity with cultural nuances rather than the transfer of first language habits. Failing to memorize vocabulary chunks represents a challenge in vocabulary acquisition but does not address the broader impact of ingrained first language patterns on learning processes. Thus, the most accurate portrayal of "interference" is how a learner's native linguistic habits impact their second language proficiency.