NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

What is a fundamental principle of Universal Grammar?

1. Children learn language solely through imitation

2. Innate ability to differentiate sounds and parts of language

3. Language understanding is purely social

4. All languages follow the same grammatical structure

The correct answer is: Innate ability to differentiate sounds and parts of language

The correct choice highlights a key aspect of Universal Grammar, which posits that all humans are born with an innate capacity to recognize and differentiate the sounds and components of language. This ability allows children to acquire language naturally, even when exposed to limited linguistic input. According to proponents of Universal Grammar, this innate knowledge helps children understand complex grammatical rules without explicit instruction or extensive practice. The other options do not align with the concept of Universal Grammar as closely. While imitation plays a role in language acquisition, it is not the sole means by which children learn, contradicting the idea of innate ability. The notion that language understanding is purely social emphasizes the role of social interaction in language learning, which, while important, does not encapsulate the innate cognitive framework suggested by Universal Grammar. Finally, the statement that all languages follow the same grammatical structure oversimplifies the diversity and complexity found in global languages, as Universal Grammar acknowledges variations while asserting a shared underlying structure that enables language learning across different cultures.