NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

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What hypothesis suggests that human thoughts are shaped by the language spoken?

Dialect Theory
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Language Universals
Communication Theory

The correct answer is: Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis posits that the structure and vocabulary of a language influence and shape the thinking and worldview of its speakers. This theory emphasizes that linguistic categories and usage can affect cognitive processes, suggesting that speakers of different languages may perceive and interpret the world differently based on their language context. Essentially, it highlights a deep connection between language and thought, asserting that language is not merely a tool for communication but also a framework for understanding the world. This perspective provides insight into how cultural and linguistic backgrounds can shape an individual's experiences and perceptions. The other options relate to different linguistic concepts. Dialect Theory focuses on variations within a language based on regional or social factors. Language Universals examines common properties across all human languages, while Communication Theory is a broader field that studies how information is conveyed and interpreted. These theories do not specifically address the relationship between language and thought in the same manner as the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.