NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

What concept refers to when second language learners use incorrect generalizations based on learned rules?

1. Variation

2. Overgeneralization

3. Generalization

4. Code-switching

The correct answer is: Overgeneralization

The concept of overgeneralization is particularly significant in second language acquisition as it highlights a common error that learners make when they apply grammatical rules too broadly. For instance, a student who has learned the past tense formation for regular verbs might apply the same rule to irregular verbs, leading to errors such as “goed” instead of “went.” This behavior illustrates the learner's attempt to use their knowledge of patterns within the language, but it reflects a misunderstanding of exceptions to those rules. Overgeneralization serves as a critical indication of the learner's cognitive process; it shows that they are actively engaging with and trying to manipulate the language, even if their applications are erroneous. Understanding this phenomenon is vital for educators as it informs instructional strategies and helps in addressing specific language learning challenges faced by students.