NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

What characterizes the early stage of literacy development?

1. Use of phonetic spelling

2. Use of multiple strategies to predict and understand words

3. Focused reading comprehension exercises

4. Independent silent reading

The correct answer is: Use of multiple strategies to predict and understand words

The early stage of literacy development is characterized by the use of multiple strategies to predict and understand words. At this stage, learners are typically experimenting with reading and writing and often rely on a combination of techniques to make sense of the text. This may include using illustrations, context clues, and their understanding of language structures to infer meanings. Young learners may not yet have fully developed decoding skills, so they benefit from employing various strategies that support their understanding and engagement with texts. In contrast, phonetic spelling is more characteristic of a slightly later stage where phonemic awareness is being solidified. Focused reading comprehension exercises and independent silent reading are generally more appropriate for intermediate or advanced stages of literacy development, where students are expected to engage deeply with texts and demonstrate comprehension autonomously.