NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

Operant conditioning is based on what principle in learning?

1. Imitation of models

2. Rewards and punishments as motivation

3. Discovery learning

4. Social interaction

The correct answer is: Rewards and punishments as motivation

Operant conditioning emphasizes the role of rewards and punishments in shaping behavior. This principle suggests that behaviors can be modified based on the consequences that follow them; when a behavior is followed by a rewarding stimulus, it is more likely to be repeated in the future, while if it is followed by a punishment, it is less likely to occur again. This process is key to understanding how behaviors are acquired and maintained through reinforcement and consequences. The other options represent different learning theories. Imitation of models relates to social learning theory, where individuals learn by observing and mimicking others. Discovery learning refers to a constructivist approach where learners gain knowledge through exploration and problem-solving, rather than direct instruction. Social interaction emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships in the learning process, which is central to theories such as Vygotsky's social constructivism. While all these approaches can influence learning, operant conditioning specifically focuses on how behavior is shaped through rewards and punishments.