NYSTCE English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Practice Test

According to Schumann's model, what affects the degree of second language acquisition?

1. The amount of vocabulary learned

2. The learner's age and background

3. The degree of acculturation to the target language group

4. The methods used in language instruction

The correct answer is: The degree of acculturation to the target language group

Schumann's model emphasizes the importance of the social and psychological factors in second language acquisition, particularly focusing on the role of acculturation. The degree of acculturation to the target language group is crucial because it influences how integrated a learner becomes within the cultural context of the language they are trying to acquire. When learners are more acculturated, meaning they are more involved and engaged with the community of native speakers, they tend to have more opportunities for meaningful language use and interaction. This exposure leads to a more natural language acquisition process through real communication and socialization, enhancing fluency and understanding. Thus, Schumann posited that individuals who actively engage with the culture associated with the language tend to acquire it more effectively. In contrast, while vocabulary, age, and instructional methods may play roles in the learning process, they do not address the socio-cultural aspect that is central to Schumann’s theory. Acculturation reflects not just the exposure to the language but also the emotional and social connection to its speakers, which is paramount for successful language acquisition.